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-
- Act 1 Scene 3
-
- Sir Toby Belch, OliviaÆs kinsman, has taken up
- residence in her house with his friend, Sir Andrew
- Aguecheek. Their riotous conduct is disturbing the
- entire household and Maria advises Sir Toby to
- mend his ways. The two are discussing Sir Andrew
- and his follies when Aguecheek arrives; he tries to
- flirt with Maria, and he is flattered by Sir TobyÆs
- praise ù not realizing that he is being ridiculed.
- Sir AndrewÆs real ambition is to marry Olivia.
- 1 What a plague: what the devil.
- niece and cousin in line 4, are used vaguely and
- indicate no precise relationship between Olivia
- and Sir Toby.
- 3 troth: faith.
- 4 takes great exceptions: objects very
- strongly.
- 5 ill hours: irregular habits.
- 6 let her except: let her make objections.
- except, before excepted: Sir Toby uses a legal
- expression merely for fun: there is no particular
- meaning. (The Latin phrase is exceptis excipiendis
- ù ôexcepting those things which are to be
- exceptedö.)
- 7 confine: restrict.
- modest limits of order: bounds of decent
- behaviour.
- 9 Sir Toby pretends that ôconfineö refers to
- his way of dressing ù and refuses to dress in any
- more fine clothing than he already wears.
- 11 an if.
- 11, 12 let them . . . straps: this is Sir TobyÆs
- variation of the common Elizabethan expression of
- contemptuous dismissal: ôhang yourself in your
- own gartersö.
- 13 quaffing: heavy drinking.
- undo: ruin
- 18 tall: brave; but in line 19 Maria pretends
- that Sir AndrewÆs height is being described.
- as anyÆs in Illyria: as any man in Illyria.
- 20 ducats: gold coins.
- 21 have but a year . . . ducats: only keep all
- these ducats for a year.
- 23 viol-de-gamboys: bass-viol.
- 25 without book: i.e. he knows the languages
- by heart.
- 27 natural: as an idiot, a born fool or
- ônaturalö.
- 29 gift of a coward: talent for cowardice.
- allay: modify.
- gust: enjoyment.
- 31 gift of a grave: be given a grave (i.e. be
- killed).
- 32 substractors: Sir Toby has invented the
- word, giving it the meaning of ôdetractorsö (=
- those who diminish a reputation); ôsubstractö,
- however, is a form of ôsubtractö ù so Maria can
- play on this in the next line.
- 38 coistrel: villain.
- 39 turn oÆ thÆ toe: spin round.
- 40 parish top: a large top was kept in the
- villages to make exercise and entertainment for the
- peasants.
- Castiliano vulgo: this phrase has never been
- satisfactorily explained; the context suggests that
- Maria is being told to look serious and not let Sir
- Andrew ù who is approaching ù guess that they
- have been talking about him.
- 41 Agueface: Sir Toby scoffs at both the
- name and appearance of Sir Andrew (s).
- 44 shrew: a mouse-like animal; probably Sir
- Andrew intends the word as a term of affection for
- the diminutive Maria ù but it was usually applied
- to a scolding, ill-tempered woman.
- 46 Accost: speak courteously; but Sir
- Andrew thinks (line 49) that this is MariaÆs name.
- 53 front: confront, approach directly.
- board her: get on good terms with her.
- 55 undertake: tackle; Sir Andrew appreciates
- the sexual innuendoes in Sir TobyÆs verbs.
- 55 in this company: in front of all these
- people.
- 58 An: if.
- 62 in hand: to deal with.
- 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75,
- 76, 77 This banter between Maria and Sir
- Andrew is a sexual flirtation which a mere verbal
- paraphrase is inadequate to convey.
- 63 I have . . . hand: I am not holding your
- hand.
- 64 Marry: a mild oath (= by [the Virgin]
- Mary).
- 66 thought is free: the usual retort to the
- question ôDo you take me for a fool?ö.
- 67 buttery bar: drink was served from the
- buttery, and drinkers gathered round the half-door,
- resting their tankards on its ledge (ôbarö).
- 71 dry: thirsty; and also ôsexually inactiveö
- (a moist palm was said to be a sign of sexual
- arousal).
- 72 I am not . . . dry: an allusion to the
- proverbial saying ôFools have wit enough to keep
- themselves out of the rainö.
- 76 at my fingersÆ ends: always have a ready
- supply of jokes; and ôhave ôôdry jestsÆÆ (i.e. Sir
- AndrewÆs fingers) in my ownö.
- 78 thou lackÆst . . . canary: you need a drink:
- ôcanaryö was a sweet white wine from the Canary
- Islands.
- 79 put down: defeated (i.e. by MariaÆs wit).
- 81 put me down: knock me down (i.e. drunk).
- 81 ôSometimes I think I have no more
- intelligence than any other Christian man.ö
- 83 It was a common belief that because beef
- is a heavy meat it would dull the brains of those
- who ate very much: ôbeef-wittedö meant
- ôstupidö.
- 85 No question: no doubt about that.
- 86 An: if.
- forswear: give it up.
- 88 Pourquoi: why; but French is obviously
- not one of the ôthree or four languagesö that Sir
- Andrew was said to speak (line 24).
- 90 tongues: languages.
- 93 Sir Toby puns on ôtonguesö (=
- languages) and ôtongsö (for curling hair); he also
- glances at a topic often discussed by intellectual
- Elizabethans ù the relationship between ôartö and
- ônatureö.
- 97 becomes me: suits me.
- 98, 99, 100 Sir TobyÆs words are complicated in
- their meanings and associations. He compares Sir
- AndrewÆs hair to the pale yellow fibre flax, which
- was wound on to a cleft stick and then spun off to
- make linen. Sir Toby expects to see Sir Andrew
- used as such a distaff by a housewife in her normal
- spinning method. But the word ôhousewifeö was
- also given to a prostitute ù who by taking Sir
- Andrew between her legs would infect him with
- syphilis and cause his hair to fall out.
- 101 IÆll home: I will go home.
- 103 sheÆll none of me: she will not be
- interested in me.
- 103 hard by: very near here.
- 106 estate: wealth.
- 107 thereÆs life inÆt: from the proverb ôWhile
- thereÆs life, thereÆs hopeö.
- 109 masques: masquerades.
- 111 kickshawses: trifles (from the French
- quelque chose).
- 113 under . . . betters: as long as they are not
- better than I am ù i.e. my social superiors
- 114 old: more experienced.
- 115 What is thy excellence: how good are you.
- galliard: a lively dance with five steps, of which
- the fifth was a little leap in the air.
- 116 cut a caper: perform the leap in the
- galliard.
- 117 mutton: Sir Toby picks up another sense
- of ôcaperö (= a berry which is used in pickle as
- sauce for mutton).
- 118 back-trick: probably the innocent Sir
- Andrew means some kind of reverse step in
- dancing; but there is a suggestion of sexual ability
- as he boasts of a strong back-trick.
- 121 a curtain before Æem: curtains were hung
- in front of pictures to protect them from dust and
- excessive light ù or simply to hide them.
- 122 Mistress Mall: this may be a topical
- allusion (e.g. to Mistress Mary [Mall] Fitton, who
- was the subject of some court scandal).
- 123 coranto: fast, skipping dance.
- jig: lively, jumping dance.
- make water: urinate.
- 125 sink-a-pace: cinquepace ù a five-step
- dance similar to the galliard; Sir Toby also makes
- use of ôsinkö = sewer.
- 128 Sir Andrew must have been born when
- the stars favoured dancing.
- 129 does indifferent well: looks well enough.
- 130 divers-coloured stock: a stocking of
- various (diverse) colours. Because the first edition
- (Folio) is not clear at this point, some modern texts
- read Æflame-coloured stockÆ or Ædun coloured
- stockÆ.
- 132 born under Taurus: born at the time when
- Taurus ù the Bull ù was the influential sign in
- the Zodiac (s). Different astrologers related signs
- to the various parts of the body.
-